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Louis Johannes Tregardt〔〔 Footnote (translated): Various opinions exist concerning the spelling of the surname which arrived with Louis' grandfather from Sweden. This forebear and his son almost always wrote it as "Tregard". Louis initially wrote it as "Tregardt", and later mostly as "Trigardt". Only by 1881 did the spelling "Trichardt" gain priority with the family, as they deemed themselves to be of French ancestry. Today most authoritative works like the South African Biographical Dictionary maintain "Tregardt" as historically the most correct.〕 (1783–1838) (from Swedish: ''trädgård'', garden) was a farmer from the Cape Colony's eastern frontier, who became an early voortrekker leader, called the "voorste mense".〔Ransford, Oliver. The Great Trek. John Murray. Great Britain. 1972. Page 33〕 Shunning colonial authority, he emigrated in 1834 to live among the Xhosa, before he crossed the Orange River into neutral territory. His northward trek, along with fellow trekker Johannes〔Ransford, Oliver. The Great Trek. John Murray. Great Britain. 1972. Page 35〕 (Hans) van Rensburg, was commenced in early〔Ransford, Oliver. The Great Trek. John Murray. Great Britain. 1972. Page 34〕 1836. He led his small party of emigrants, composed of seven Boer farmers, with their wives and thirty-four children, Bushman slaves and Bantu servants,〔 into the uncharted interior of South Africa, and settled for a year at the base of the Zoutpansberg. At this most northerly point of their trek, unhealthy conditions began to take a toll on man and animal. Seemingly abandoned by a follow-up trek, and distant from supplies and buyers for their ivory, Tregardt abandoned the settlement, and led the party southeastwards to the Portuguese outpost at Delagoa bay. The oceanward route proved arduous and included the challenge of traversing a section of the northern Drakensberg. Though reaching the fort at Delagoa bay, a number of their party contracted malaria en route. Tregardt's wife perished at the fort in May 1838, followed by Tregardt six months afterward. ==At the colony== Louis's father Carel was, as civilian officer, much involved in the 18th century Xhosa conflicts. In addition he was a participant in the Graaff-Reinet resistance movements, first against the Dutch East India Company and later against English colonial governance. For a time Louis farmed near Bruintjeshoogte (i.e. Somerset). He ostensibly had an uneasy relationship with the colonial authorities,〔 and agreed to rent grazing land from Xhosa chief Hintsa. In 1829 Louis sent his son Carolus to graze their cattle along the Black Kei River, then the northern boundary of British Kaffraria. In 1833 (or 34〔) Louis also crossed the neutral zone to join his son.〔 Here a substantial boer community, at odds with the colonial government, was already living in exile. With Louis acting as their leader, colonel Harry Smith deemed him an agitator of the sixth Xhosa war, and planned to arrest him. Tregardt however moved his family and livestock to grazing land between the Caledon and Orange Rivers, just outside the colony, where he resided in 1835.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Tregardt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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